A PiP (pipe-in-pipe) is a pipe inserted inside another pipe. The created
intermediate annulus can be used to place an insulation material usually known
as dry insulation. Indeed this insulation material is protected by the outer
pipe from the hydrostatic pressure and from water penetration. PiP generally
allow reaching optimized thermal performance compared with wet insulated lines.
Over the past two decades, the pipe-in-pipe (PiP) product
has become an essential part of the subsea field development engineer's
"tool box." Due to its high insulation performance it minimizes heat
losses from the transported fluid to the environment that more traditional
subsea coatings cannot provide. This is achieved using thermal insulation of
very low thermal conductivity, such as aerogel, encased in dry atmospheric
conditions between the inner pipe or "flowline," which transports the
fluid, and the outer pipe or "carrier," which provides the mechanical
protection from the subsea environment.
Other benefits of the PiP solution
include compatibility with high temperatures (in terms of material and enhanced
compliance with large axial loading), stability on the seabed, and protection
by the outer pipe against external loads. In some cases this may obviate the
need for burial.
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