Pipeline end terminators (PLET)/pipeline end
manifold (PLEM), and inline structures (ILS) are subsea structures designed to
attach the pipeline end and then lowered to the seabed in the desired
orientation. The PLET/PLEM is located at the end of a subsea pipeline, while
the inline structure is located in the middle of pipeline.
The design and installation ofe PLET/ILS
include first-end, middle, and second-end options. The components of them may
include from a single hub with manual isolation valve, to two or three hubs
with ROV actuated valves, chemical injection, pig launching capabilities and
more. The foundation of PLET/ILS may be a mudmat, or a single suction pile. A
rigid or flexible jumper is utilized to tie-in the PLET/ILS to the other subsea
structures, eg. Tree, manifold, or other PLET/PLEM.
As the oil&gas field development move
further away from existing subsea infrastructures, it become advantageous to
consider a subsea tie-in of their export system with existing deepwater
pipeline system offering spare transport capacity. This necessitates
incorporating pipeline end terminations (PLET’s) at both pipeline ends to
tie in the system it incorporate generally a vertical connector and an actuated
valve . A PLEM is a subsea structure used to connect a flowline with
other subsea structures such as a manifold or a tree it is a smaller version of
a cluster manifold, a PLEM connects generally to a flowline through a jumper
without the need of a PLET .
Sources :
Subsea Engineering
Handbook, edited by Yong Bai,
Qiang Ba
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