Vertical
and horizontal trees are built and installed with proven technology based on
extensive subsea experience and years of testing under some of the most
demanding conditions. Our trees provide reliable operations in
all environments, including shallow water, deep water, and ultradeep water.
They have the flexibility and durability to meet specific job requirements with
minimal customization. Monitoring and feedback capabilities reduce
operator risk and provide data and communication for operations
management.
The operational difference between a conventional “vertical” tree
and the “horizontal” tree is in installation. With the vertical tree, the well
is drilled and the completion is run through the drilling riser and BOP. The
well is suspended, usually by setting plugs in the bores of the tubing hanger,
but sometimes also downhole. The BOP and riser are then pulled or “set aside”,
and the tree is run on pipe, a completion riser, or a running string. With the
horizontal tree, the well is drilled and suspended. The tree is run and the
well completed. A special “test tree” normally is used above the tubing hanger
to allow sealing the tree bores and using the BOP during the completion
operation. The drilling riser and BOP are used to run the tree and set plugs in
the bores during completion. The tree cap is then run.
The modern vertical tree and the horizontal tree are used in most
projects today, and arguments rage about which is preferable. The author’s view
is that the selection should be project specific. If the project is fast track
so trees are on the critical path of drilling the wells and starting
production, and the reservoir can be managed with hydraulic sliding sleeves
(hydraulic smart wells), the vertical tree is the answer. If drilling is not on
the critical path of project schedule, and it is known that the well will
require service or change of the completion during the first few years of
operation, horizontal trees are the answer.
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